Introduction
This document describes how specific string formats are read by the TTS Engine for Canadian French (fr-CA). It mirrors the structure of the en-US verbalization guide and serves as both a specification and a QA testing reference.
All specifications apply to Omilia’s TTS Engine and any fr-CA voice packs deployed on it.
1. Numbers
1.1 Integers Less Than 1,000
French uses standard cardinal number words. Canadian French follows the same conventions as France French for numbers (soixante-dix for 70, quatre-vingts for 80, quatre-vingt-dix for 90).
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[1-9][0-9] |
31 |
trente et un |
|
[1-9][0-9]…[0-9] |
159 |
cent cinquante-neuf |
|
<dash> [1-9]…[0-9] |
-58 |
moins cinquante-huit |
1.2 Integers Greater Than 999
The thousands delimiter in fr-CA is the non-breaking space. The comma is NOT a thousands separator in French — it is the decimal separator.
Allowed thousands delimiters: non-breaking space, thin space, or no delimiter.
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[1-9][0-9]…[0-9][0-9] |
2824 |
deux mille huit cent vingt-quatre |
|
[1-9] <space> [0-9]…[0-9] |
2 824 |
deux mille huit cent vingt-quatre |
|
Large number |
857 467 987 |
huit cent cinquante-sept millions quatre cent soixante-sept mille neuf cent quatre-vingt-sept |
|
Negative |
-12 345 |
moins douze mille trois cent quarante-cinq |
1.3 Ordinal Numbers
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
1er (masculine) |
1er |
premier |
|
1re (feminine) |
1re |
première |
|
[2-9]e |
2e |
deuxième |
|
[2-9]e |
3e |
troisième |
|
Compound |
21e |
vingt et unième |
1.4 Decimal Numbers
The decimal separator in fr-CA is the comma (,). The period is NOT a decimal separator in French.
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[1-9]…[0-9] <comma> [0-9]…[0-9] |
2,4527 |
deux virgule quatre cinq deux sept |
|
Negative decimal |
-25,78 |
moins vingt-cinq virgule soixante-dix-huit |
1.5 Number Groups
Number groups follow the same dash-separated convention as en-US.
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[0-9] <dash> … [0-9] |
4-2-1-4 2-3-4 7-5-3 |
quatre deux un quatre, deux trois quatre, sept cinq trois |
1.6 16-Digit Card Numbers
Card numbers belong to number groups. To pronounce a 16-digit card number in groups of four with short pauses, the input must contain dashes:
5-8-9-7 4-2-6-5 1-2-3-4 7-4-6-8 → cinq huit neuf sept <pause> quatre deux six cinq <pause> un deux trois quatre <pause> sept quatre six huit
Input without dashes (e.g., « 5897 4265 1234 7468 ») will be read as full numbers: « cinq mille huit cent quatre-vingt-dix-sept, quatre mille deux cent soixante-cinq… »
1.7 Telephone Numbers
Canadian phone numbers follow the North American format (3-3-4) and should be composed as number groups:
5-1-4 8-5-6 9-3-0-0 → cinq un quatre <pause> huit cinq six <pause> neuf trois zéro zéro
1.8 Combination of Numbers and Words
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[0-9]…[0-9]-{word} |
16-chiffres |
seize chiffres |
|
{word}-[0-9]…[0-9] |
COVID-19 |
covid dix-neuf |
When the dash is surrounded by spaces, it is verbalized as « tiret ». Example: « 16 - chiffres » → « seize tiret chiffres ».
1.9 Ratio
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[0-9]…[0-9] <colon> [0-9]…[0-9] |
16:9 |
seize pour neuf |
1.10 Percentage
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[1-9]…[0-9] <percent sign> |
15 % |
quinze pour cent |
|
Decimal percentage |
3,5 % |
trois virgule cinq pour cent |
2. Time
fr-CA primarily uses the 24-hour format in formal contexts. The separator between hours and minutes is « h » (with spaces), not a colon. However, the colon format is also recognized.
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[00-23] h [00-59] |
14 h 30 |
quatorze heures trente |
|
[00-23] h 00 |
08 h 00 |
huit heures |
|
[00-23]:[00-59] |
23:15 |
vingt-trois heures quinze |
|
Midnight |
00 h 00 |
minuit |
|
Noon |
12 h 00 |
midi |
|
Informal (morning/evening) |
2 h 30 du matin |
deux heures trente du matin |
|
HH:MM:SS |
12:11:01 |
douze heures onze minutes et une seconde |
2.1 Time Intervals
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[0-9]…[0-9]-[0-9]…[0-9] {unit} |
3-5 jours |
trois à cinq jours |
|
[0-9]…[0-9] à [0-9]…[0-9] {unit} |
3 à 5 jours |
trois à cinq jours |
3. Date
In fr-CA, the standard date format is day/month/year. The first of the month uses the ordinal « premier »; all other days use cardinal numbers. This is a key difference from English, which uses ordinals throughout.
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[1-31] {month} [YYYY] |
14 mai 2022 |
le quatorze mai deux mille vingt-deux |
|
1er {month} [YYYY] |
1er janvier 2023 |
le premier janvier deux mille vingt-trois |
|
[1-31] {month} |
14 mai |
le quatorze mai |
|
{month} [YYYY] |
mars 2024 |
mars deux mille vingt-quatre |
|
YYYY-MM-DD (ISO) |
2022-11-02 |
le deux novembre deux mille vingt-deux |
|
DD/MM/YYYY |
27/05/2021 |
le vingt-sept mai deux mille vingt et un |
|
DD-MM-YYYY |
27-05-2021 |
le vingt-sept mai deux mille vingt et un |
|
DD/MM/YY |
31/12/22 |
le trente et un décembre deux mille vingt-deux |
|
DD/MM |
05/12 |
le cinq décembre |
4. Units of Measurement
Units are verbalized in their full French form. Canada uses the metric system as its official measurement standard.
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
{amount} {unit} |
2,5 Go |
deux virgule cinq gigaoctets |
|
{amount} <space> {unit} |
3 m |
trois mètres |
|
{amount} {unit}/{unit} |
120 km/h |
cent vingt kilomètres à l’heure |
|
{amount} {unit}/{unit} |
1500 Mo/s |
mille cinq cents mégaoctets par seconde |
Unit Abbreviations
|
Abbreviation |
Verbalization |
Abbreviation |
Verbalization |
|---|---|---|---|
|
mm |
millimètre(s) |
cm |
centimètre(s) |
|
m |
mètre(s) |
km |
kilomètre(s) |
|
m² |
mètre(s) carré(s) |
m³ |
mètre(s) cube(s) |
|
po |
pouce(s) |
pi |
pied(s) |
|
h |
heure(s) |
min |
minute(s) |
|
s |
seconde(s) |
g |
gramme(s) |
|
kg |
kilogramme(s) |
lb |
livre(s) |
|
oz |
once(s) |
ml, mL |
millilitre(s) |
|
L |
litre(s) |
gal |
gallon(s) |
|
Hz |
hertz |
kHz |
kilohertz |
|
MHz |
mégahertz |
GHz |
gigahertz |
|
W |
watt(s) |
kW |
kilowatt(s) |
|
V |
volt(s) |
A |
ampère(s) |
|
dB |
décibel(s) |
ko |
kilooctet(s) |
|
Mo |
mégaoctet(s) |
Go |
gigaoctet(s) |
|
To |
téraoctet(s) |
kbit |
kilobit(s) |
|
°C |
degré(s) Celsius |
°F |
degré(s) Fahrenheit |
5. Words, Abbreviations, and Spelling
5.1 Abbreviations and Letter Spelling
When letters are spelled out in French, they use French letter names (a, bé, cé, dé, e, effe, gé, ache, i, ji, ka, elle, emme, enne, o, pé, ku, erre, esse, té, u, vé, double-vé, ixe, i grec, zède).
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
[A-Z] … [A-Z] (uppercase block) |
ABC |
a bé cé |
|
[A-Z].[A-Z].…[A-Z]. |
R.S.V.P. |
erre esse vé pé |
|
Common abbreviation |
p.ex. |
par exemple |
|
Common abbreviation |
M. |
monsieur |
|
Common abbreviation |
Mme |
madame |
|
Common abbreviation |
Dr |
docteur |
|
Isolated uppercase letter |
A ou B |
a ou bé |
Common fr-CA Abbreviations
|
Abbreviation |
Verbalization |
Abbreviation |
Verbalization |
|---|---|---|---|
|
M. |
monsieur |
Mme |
madame |
|
Mlle |
mademoiselle |
Dr |
docteur |
|
Dre |
docteure |
Me |
maître |
|
Prof. |
professeur |
p.ex. |
par exemple |
|
c.-à-d. |
c’est-à-dire |
etc. |
et cetera |
|
inc. |
incorporée |
ltée |
limitée |
|
no, nº |
numéro |
tél. |
téléphone |
|
app. |
appartement |
boul. |
boulevard |
|
av. |
avenue |
ch. |
chemin |
|
rte |
route |
r. |
rue |
|
C.P. |
case postale |
succ. |
succursale |
|
prov. |
province |
gouv. |
gouvernement |
|
janv. |
janvier |
févr. |
février |
|
avr. |
avril |
juill. |
juillet |
|
sept. |
septembre |
oct. |
octobre |
|
nov. |
novembre |
déc. |
décembre |
|
lun. |
lundi |
mar. |
mardi |
|
mer. |
mercredi |
jeu. |
jeudi |
|
ven. |
vendredi |
sam. |
samedi |
|
dim. |
dimanche |
enr. |
enregistrée |
5.2 Dashed / Hyphenated Words
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
word<dash>word (compound) |
peut-être |
peut-être |
|
word <space>-<space> word |
Montréal - Québec |
Montréal tiret Québec |
When the dash is directly attached to words (no spaces), it forms a compound and is not verbalized. When surrounded by spaces, it is read as « tiret ».
6. URLs and Emails
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
(www) <dot> {word} <dot> {domain} |
www.google.ca |
double-vé double-vé double-vé point google point cé a |
|
{word} <at> {word} <dot> {domain} |
info@omilia.com |
i enne effe o arobase omilia point cé o emme |
7. Currency
In fr-CA, the currency symbol is placed AFTER the amount, separated by a non-breaking space. This is the most significant difference from English formatting.
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
{amount} {symbol} |
25,10 $ |
vingt-cinq dollars et dix cents |
|
{amount} {symbol} |
25 000 € |
vingt-cinq mille euros |
|
{amount} {currency code} |
25 $ US |
vingt-cinq dollars américains |
|
{amount} {currency code} |
25 $ CA |
vingt-cinq dollars canadiens |
|
Subdivision only |
0,01 $ |
un cent |
|
Negative |
-0,01 $ |
moins un cent |
|
Large amount |
1,3 million $ |
un virgule trois million de dollars |
|
Large with code |
1 million $ US |
un million de dollars américains |
Currency Codes and Symbols
|
Code / Symbol |
Verbalized Form |
Subdivision |
|---|---|---|
|
$ CA / CAD |
dollar(s) canadien(s) |
cent(s) / sou(s) |
|
$ US / USD |
dollar(s) américain(s) |
cent(s) |
|
€ / EUR |
euro(s) |
cent(s) |
|
£ / GBP |
livre(s) sterling |
penny / pence |
Amount Examples
|
Input |
Verbalized Form |
|---|---|
|
235 125 250,12 $ |
deux cent trente-cinq millions cent vingt-cinq mille deux cent cinquante dollars et douze cents |
|
3,458 $ |
trois virgule quatre cinq huit dollars |
|
5 000,00 $ |
cinq mille dollars |
|
0,01 $ |
un cent |
|
-0,01 $ |
moins un cent |
8. Punctuation and Character Processing
8.1 Supported Characters
|
Char |
Description |
Used as/in |
Char |
Description |
Used as/in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
. |
period |
sentence ending / decimal (EN only) |
@ |
at sign |
email address |
|
, |
comma |
sentence break / decimal (FR) |
- |
dash |
number group / compound word / minus |
|
? |
question mark |
sentence ending |
+ |
plus sign |
math equation |
|
! |
exclamation mark |
sentence ending |
$ |
dollar sign |
currency |
|
’ |
apostrophe |
contraction (l’, d’, j’) |
€ |
euro sign |
currency |
|
% |
percent sign |
percentage |
& |
ampersand |
« et » |
|
« » |
French quotation marks |
quotation |
£ |
pound sign |
currency |
Other characters or punctuation will be removed and will not affect the voice output.
If no punctuation is present in the input text, a period is added automatically.
8.2 Punctuation Effects
|
Char |
Description |
Effect |
|---|---|---|
|
. |
period |
falling intonation |
|
? |
question mark |
rising intonation |
|
|
space |
pause |
|
- |
dash |
short pause |
|
, |
comma |
falling intonation / pause |
|
! |
exclamation mark |
increased intensity |
9. Addresses
Canadian French addresses have a specific format. The Canadian postal code alternates letters and digits (A1A 1A1) and is spelled letter-by-letter and digit-by-digit.
|
Format |
Example (Input) |
Verbalized Form (Output) |
|---|---|---|
|
Full address |
1234, boul. René-Lévesque O. |
mille deux cent trente-quatre, boulevard René Lévesque Ouest |
|
Postal code |
H3B 1A2 |
ache trois bé un a deux |
|
Apartment |
app. 302 |
appartement trois cent deux |
|
PO Box |
C.P. 450 |
case postale quatre cent cinquante |